Uruguay - 2014 - International Second Decade of the World's
Indigenous People ( Previous
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Issue information:
Country: Uruguay
Date: September 2nd, 2014
Printed: 15.000 copies
Stamp Shape and Size: Rectangular [27 mm. x 39
mm.]
Perforation: Circular
Gum: Water Activated
Block Configuration: 25 stamps [5 x 5]
Block Shape and Size: Rectangular [Unknown]
FDC Type: Official Cover from Post Office
FDC not sent Shape and Size: Rectangular [165 mm.
x 105 mm.]
FDC sent on issue day Shape and Size: Rectangular
[165 mm. x 105 mm.]
Cover Shape and Size: Rectangular [240 mm. x 160
mm.]
Catalogue information:
Michel: No Data Available
Ivert: No Data Available
Scott: No Data Available
Stanley & Gibbons: No Data Available
Topics:
Issue:
As Main Topic: I think
Indigenous People is
the most representative, and this one could fit in a widers
ones as:
Ethnic Groups, or
also
History,
and
Anthropology
too
.
Then, more in particular, the Topic focuses in the
Second International Decade of
the World's Indigenous People (2005-2014), a programme of
Action, adopted on
December
16th of 2005 by the
United
Nations General Assembly, through the
Document A/60/270 - sect. II,
and
Resolution 60/142,
that appealed to the international community at large to provide
financial support to the Programme of Action, including through
contributions to the Voluntary Fund for the Second Decade, and urged
all Governments and indigenous organizations concerned to take action
to facilitate adoption of the draft United Nations declaration on the
rights of indigenous peoples as soon as possible.
Also, in this case, the release could be seen as having two Main
Topics, although
it is clear that the emphasis is put in the already mentioned one, the
Second International Decade of
the World's Indigenous People, the issue also commemorates
directly the
Ten Years
Anniversary of th the "Museo de Arte Precolombino e Indígena (MAPI),
that means in english
"Museum
of Art Pre-Columbian and Indigenous", so the wider
Museums, and
Arts, or the more
specifics ones of this Topic:
Pre-Columbian
Art, and
Indigenous
Art, could be considered as Main Topics of this Release
too.
Then, surrounding the main topic, could be found the
followings: From the branch of the
Second International Decade of
the World's Indigenous People, the most clear Topics that
emerges are the ones related to
Human
Rights, like:
Non-Discrimination,
Inclusion,
Participation, and
Protection of Cultural Integrity,
and by the way to provide that
Rights,
Laws and
Politics Topics.
The
Under-Secretary-General
in the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs,
the
Chinese diplomat,
Wu Hongbo,
is the
Coordinator for
the Second Decade, which commenced on
January 1st of 2005
and will conclude in
December
31st of 2014, as it was adopted by the
General Assembly Resolution
A/RES/59/174, on
December
22nd 2004, and has published
The final report on the
achievement of the goal and objectives last
August 6th of 2014,
which probably was the reason of issuing this release in the date it
was issued.
That document provides
Examples
of current efforts to achieve the objectives of the Programme of Action
for the Second International Decade of the World’s Indigenous People.
One of the major highlights of the Second Decade was the adoption, in
2007, of the
United
Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.
The report also provides an
Analysis
of the impact of the Second Decade on the achievement of the Millennium
Development Goals. Also tells that while there has been
some progress in achieving the goals of the Second Decade, a
Substantial gap remains between
the formal recognition of indigenous peoples and the implementation of
policies on the ground. The post-2015 development agenda
and the high-level plenary meeting of the General Assembly, to be known
as the
World Conference
on Indigenous Peoples, afford an opportunity to
Make indigenous peoples part of
the solution and to build a life of dignity, equity and hope for all.
Then, from the Branch of
Ten
Years Anniversary of the "Museo de Arte Precolombino e
Indígena (MAPI),
many
Topics could be related through both the
Musuem itself and
the
Building
in which is located.
The
Building
was designed by
Emilio
Reus, a
Spanish
Businessman who emigrated first to Argentina in 1885, and
then to Uruguay, where he became known for
Building Residential Homes.
His work made such an impact on the traditional architecture of the
country which led to a period now known as
Time of Reus,
and also today there is a neighborhood in Montevideo that is known by
his name, "
Barrio Reus".
This neighbourhood was also known as
"Barrio de los Judios"
or
Jewish Neighbourhood,
and one of his streets could be seen in
This
Previous Release released on
April 22nd of 2014,
about the
Centenary of
the Football Club "Sud América".
Returning to the
Building,
it was build at late
XIX
Century, more precisely at year
1888, and it has
been designed following an
Eclectic
Architecture, a
XIX
and XX Century Architectural Style,
in which a single piece of work incorporates a mixture of elements from
previous historical styles to create something that is new and
original. By this Architecture Design, it was declared a
National Historic Landmark
in
1986.
Now going to the
Museum
itself,
"Museo
de Arte Precolombino e Indígena (MAPI), is a
Cultural Joint venture,
in which they are associated the
Municipality
of Montevideo and the Society, so both parties provide
Values,
Heritage and
Resources from a
shared vision. The
Museum
was founded on
September
17th of 2004, so the stamp was issued 15 days before the
Anniversary, and was created through a
Loan Agreement
signed between the
Intendent
of Montevideo of this period,
Architect Mariano Arana
and the
Collector Matteo
Goretti, who gave up some of its important
Ethnographic and Archaeological
Collection
for a period of 20 years. In recent times the stock of MAPI has
increased ten other collections that were donated or on loan by public
institutions, embassies and private collectors.
The
MAPI
offers visitors a
Permanent
exhibition of Archaeological and Ethnographic Pieces from different
Cultures in the Americas and conducts
Research,
Exhibitions and
Publications on
various aspects related to this topic.
In 2014 he first presented an
exhibition abroad, entitled
"Uruguay in Guarani"
which was exhibited at the
Vatican
Museums and the
Ethnological Museum in Hamburg, where he is now before
continuing touring other cities in Europe.
The
MAPI
has been
Awarded for
four consecutive years (2011-2014) with the
"Premio Iberoamericano de Museos",
in english
"American
Award of Museums".
Now, regarding the desing of the stamp:
Besides reinforcing, by it legends, the two Main Topics of the release,
that are: the
Second
International Decade of the World's Indigenous People (2005-2014),
and
Ten Years
Anniversary of the "Museo de Arte Precolombino e Indígena
(MAPI), it clearly add the ones related with
Pre-Columbian Art,
and
Indigenous Art
showing a close-up of two
Statuettes, or
Little Statues, with
Woman Shape,
so
Sculpture
could be in a way a Topic for this Release too.
The
Statuettes
shown in the Release are two Specimens of the
Female Anthropomorphic Figurines
called
"Venus of
Valdivia", these
Female
Anthropomorphic Representations, were made by the group of
people with the same name
"Valdivias",
that was developed in what is now
Ecuador,
in the
Formative Period,
that extends
from 4000
BC to 500 AC.
This
"Venus of Valdivia"
have a
Size
of between 7 and 20 cm. , and were
At first Sculptured in Stone,
and then Turn to be
Shaped
by hand from two Clay cylinders attached
to the body and head and legs separated, with the later addition of
touched and arms. They have rounded shapes and well-marked sexual
attributes, especially her breasts, coffee bean eyes shaped,
thick eyebrows, arms over his body and legs without feet.
It has been theorized much about the purpose of these figures. Some
researchers see them as
Symbols
or
Talismans
and
Idols
promoters of
Fertility.
The
Italian
Archaeologist Constanza Di Capua argues, based on the
variation of the features of the body-forms and representation of hair
and styles, that the
"Venus
of Valdivia" are figures
Alluding to the physiological
cycles of women in various stages.
From the nubile, with a bulge in the pubic region, no arms, straight
trunk and shaved head, going through puberty, with partial removal of
hair and hint of breasts and arms, and adolescence, where the figurines
are represented by bodies developed until adulthood and pregnancy, with
bulging belly, suggesting pregnancy. For the researcher, the figures
are
Associated with the
female cult that developed in society Valdivia and are,
along with the funeral, a
Testament
to how this society empowers breeding group.
Finally, in a more symbolic way:
I will choose
Women,
and
Feminity
in general, and perhaps
Fertility
in particular, as the Topics more subtly incorporated in this Release,
as for it desing it was chosen these particular
Female Anthropomorphic Figurines
called
"Venus of
Valdivia", to represent graphically the fusion of the two
Main Events that are commemorated in this Issue.
Also this selection could be seen as a gaze to
Matriarchy, perhaps
too, as a way to
Get
free of the Current System, that for milleniums was based
in
Patriarchy.
Block:
The block: Besides the legend
that enunciate the Main Topic of the Release, that is
Second International Decade of
the World's Indigenous People, only adds the icon used to
show the ink
colours
used in the printing of the stamps, however, this icon shows a
Rarely seen Item in Philately
that is the
"Boleadoras",
that are a
Throwing
Weapon superficially similar to the
Surujin, made of
weights on the ends of interconnected cords, designed to capture
animals by entangling their legs.
The
"Boleadoras"
were most famously used by the
Gauchos
(Argentinian cowboys), but have been
Found in Excavations of
Pre-Columbian settlements, especially in Patagonia, where
Indigenous
peoples used them to catch 200 pound guanaco, a mammal similar to a
Llama, and also the Ñandú, a non flying birds, as the one
shown in This
Release. They were also
Used in battle by the Inca army,
and even as
a modern-day
tool in North America at the Calico Early Man Site.
FDC:
The desing of the First Day Cancelation:
Besides the legends of both Main Topics: Second International Decade of
the World's Indigenous People and Ten Years Anniversary of th the
"Museo de Arte Precolombino e Indígena (MAPI) , and the Logotype
of the MAPI,
what it is really interesting in the Cancelation is the Circle Shaped Element
that surrounds both Legends and Logotypes, that is The Wheel with the 20 Inscription
Glyphs that represent the Named Days in the
the Tzolk'in,
the Basic Cycle
of the Maya calendar.
The Tzolk'in Calendar
combines a Cycle
of twenty Named Days
with another Cycle of Thirteen
numbers (the trecena), to Produce 260 unique days
(i.e., 20 × 13 = 260). Each successive named day was numbered from 1 up
to 13 and then starting again at 1.
The Tzolkin
does not have a generally-recognized start and end, although there are
specific references, that
1 Imix was
the Beginning day
in The Books of Chilam
Balam,
that are a set of handwritten books that preserve important traditional
knowledge in
which indigenous Maya and early Spanish traditions have coalesced.
The Glyph for Imix
is the one located at
the 'O' of "Mundo" in the Cancelation, and the other 19 Glyphs are shown
ordered Clockwise in the Cancelation too.
The name and the meaning of the 20
Glyphs are the following: 1) Imix:
The Crocodile,
or the Reptilian
body of the planet earth; 2) Ik: The Wind, also Breath, Life, even Violence; 3) Akbal: The Night-house, or Darkness, The underworld, Therealm of the nocturnal
jaguar-sun; 4)
Kan: The Maize
, the Sign of the Young
Maize Lord who brings Abundance,
Ripeness.
Also Lizard,
Net; 5) Chicchan: The Snake, the Celestial serpent; 6 ) Cimi: The Death; 7) Manik: The Deer, Sign of the Lord of the Hunt;
8) Lamat:
The Rabbit,
Sign of the planet Venus,
Sunset; 9) Muluc: The Water, symbolised by
Jade, an
aspect of the Water
Deities, Fish;
10) Oc: The Dog, who guides the night sun through the
underworld; 11)
Chuen: The Monkey,
the Great craftsman,
patron of Arts and
Knowledge; 12)
Eb: The Grass,
associated with Rain
and Storms;
13) Ben: The
Reed, who
fosters the growth of Corn,
Cane, and Man; 14) Ix: The Jaguar, the
Night Sun.
Associated with the Goddess
Ixchel; 15)
Men: The Eagle, the
Wise one, Bird, Moon; 16) Cib: The Owl and the Vulture,
death-birds of night and
day. Also wax,
soul, insect; 17) Caban: The Earthquake, Formidable Power.
Also Season,
Thought; 18) Etznab: The Knife, the Obsidian Sacrificial Blade;
19) Cauac:
The Rain
or Storm,
the Celestial Dragon
Serpents and the Chacs,
Gods of Thunder and
Llightning; 20)
Ahau: The Lord,
The Radiant Sun God.
Also associated with the Mayan
hero twins.
If you consider that there are another topics in
this stamp, that were not spot in this review, you are encouraged to
telling me about them, so please do not hesitate to post a comment. I
would appreciate your help very much.
